New variants of human metapneumovirus surge in Spain post-COVID

An important aetiologic agent of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in adults and children is the human metapneumovirus (HMPV). A recent Journal of Infection study explores the genetic diversity, prevalence, and evolutionary dynamics of HMPV.

HMPV belongs to the Pneumoviridae family and causes similar symptomatology as the human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). HMPV is a negative-sensed, lineal, enveloped, and single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus that can be classified into HMPV-A and HMPV-B genotypes, with its subgenotypes including A1, A2 (A2a, A2b, and A2c lineages), B1, and B2 (B2a and B2b lineages).

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The genome of HMPV consists of eight genes encoding nine proteins. The scheme in which the proteins are encoded is 3’-N-P-M-F-M2(M2–1/M2–2)- SH-G-L-5’.

Recently, in the attachment glycoprotein’s (G) ectodomain, 180- and 111-nucleotide duplications have been associated with LRTI and immune evasion in adulthood.

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