This article is written by Major (r) Haroon Rasheed.
China has marked a major milestone in its naval modernization with the successful maiden voyage of its third aircraft carrier, Fujian (Type 003). This new warship is currently undergoing sea trials, a crucial step before it officially enters service with the People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN).
The Fujian represents a quantum leap in China’s maritime capabilities and symbolizes its ambition to rival the naval dominance of the United States in the Indo-Pacific region. Here’s a detailed look at what makes the Fujian such a significant addition to China’s growing fleet:
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1. Size and Specifications
With a length of 315 meters and a displacement of approximately 80,000 tonnes, Fujian is not just the largest carrier in China’s fleet — it’s one of the largest in the world. Only the US Navy’s Nimitz-class and Ford-class aircraft carriers are larger in terms of displacement and operational scale.
Its massive size enables it to project power far beyond China’s shores, supporting longer missions and accommodating a larger air wing.
2. Advanced Design and Launch Systems
The Fujian is equipped with cutting-edge technology, setting it apart from China’s previous two carriers (Liaoning and Shandong). Key design features include:
A pyramidal-shaped island structure that improves radar cross-section and visibility.
An integrated funnel for improved aerodynamics and stealth.
Most notably, electromagnetic catapults — a feature previously only found on the US Navy’s Gerald R. Ford-class carriers. These launch systems allow aircraft to take off more efficiently and with heavier payloads compared to older steam catapults.
This advanced system marks a shift towards modern carrier-based aviation operations.
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3. Air Wing Capacity
Fujian is expected to carry 50 to 60 aircraft, making it a formidable platform for air operations. The air wing will likely include:
J-15 carrier-based multirole fighters
KJ-600 airborne early warning aircraft
Helicopters for anti-submarine warfare and logistics
Potential future integration of J-35 stealth fighters, a fifth-generation aircraft currently in development.
This versatile fleet will significantly boost the PLAN’s aerial reach and reconnaissance capabilities.
4. Propulsion and Power
Though exact specifications remain classified, analysts believe Fujian uses a combined gas and diesel propulsion system, possibly with integrated electric drive. This setup provides both high speed and greater operational efficiency, enabling longer deployments without needing frequent refueling.
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5. Armament and Defense Systems
In terms of defense, the Fujian is equipped with modern Close-In Weapon Systems (CIWS) and missile-based point defense systems, much like the US Navy’s SeaRAM. These systems are designed to neutralize incoming missiles and enemy aircraft, providing the ship with a robust last line of defense.
Strategic Implications
The Fujian’s launch is a pivotal moment for the PLAN. As China’s first fully domestically-built supercarrier, it underscores Beijing’s confidence in its shipbuilding and defense engineering capabilities.
Recently, all three of China’s aircraft carriers were observed operating simultaneously near Japanese waters, signaling a strong strategic message and showcasing operational readiness. With the PLAN rapidly expanding, China is clearly aiming to establish a blue-water navy capable of sustained global stability.
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This article is written by Major (r) Haroon Rasheed.
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