Paris – September 5, 2025 (CNN): France has plunged into political turmoil after lawmakers voted to oust Prime Minister François Bayrou, forcing him to resign just nine months into office. The dramatic no-confidence vote on Monday has left the country without a government at a time of rising economic stress and mounting global tensions.
Bayrou called the vote in a bid to push through his controversial €44 billion ($51 billion) austerity plan, which included freezing state spending and scrapping two public holidays. Instead, the move backfired: 364 MPs voted against him, while only 194 supported his proposal.
His defeat follows that of his predecessor, Michel Barnier, who was ousted by parliament last December. The back-to-back collapses highlight the growing instability within French politics and pose a major challenge for President Emmanuel Macron, who is struggling to hold together a fractured parliament.
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The fallout has already rattled investors. Yields on French government bonds have risen above those of Spain, Portugal, and Greece, raising fears of a possible credit rating downgrade later this week. Such a blow would severely damage France’s economic standing within Europe.
In his final address to parliament before the vote, Bayrou warned lawmakers that rejecting his plan would not erase the fiscal crisis: “Reality will remain relentless. Expenses will rise, debt will grow heavier, and future generations will bear the burden. We broke the social contract.”
The roots of the crisis stretch back to Macron’s decision to call a snap election in 2024, after the far-right National Rally made major gains in European Parliament polls. The election weakened Macron’s centrist bloc, empowering both the far right and far left, and leaving the National Assembly deeply divided.
Now, Macron faces limited options. Far-right leader Marine Le Pen is demanding the dissolution of parliament, though new elections would likely hand her party even greater power. Macron could instead appoint a caretaker government, with Defense Minister Sébastien Lecornu and Justice Minister Gérald Darmanin emerging as potential frontrunners. Yet opposition parties have already signaled they would immediately challenge another centrist appointment.
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Even if a new prime minister is named, passing a budget will remain a major battle. The left wants to increase taxes on the wealthy and reverse Macron’s corporate tax cuts, while conservatives refuse to compromise on those points. Analysts say this deadlock means France’s fiscal troubles are unlikely to ease anytime soon.
A recent Elabe poll suggests that in the event of fresh elections, the National Rally would take the lead, the left would finish second, and Macron’s centrist bloc would trail far behind. Many observers believe the far right could soon claim power—if not now, then in the 2027 presidential election.
Meanwhile, frustration among citizens is boiling over. The far left has called for nationwide protests on Wednesday under the slogan “Bloquons tout” (“Let’s block everything”), while trade unions are preparing mass demonstrations for September 18.
The crisis comes at a critical time internationally, with wars ongoing in Ukraine and the Middle East. Analysts warn that France’s instability could embolden adversaries like Russia’s Vladimir Putin and even former U.S. President Donald Trump, both eager to highlight Europe’s internal divisions.
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