Iran–United States War and Climate Change: A Growing Environmental Threat for Pakistan and Its Protective Strategy
Written by Sadia Maqsood.
The world is currently going through an era where wars are no longer limited to border disputes; their impacts have extended to the environment, climate, and every aspect of human life. The ongoing war between Iran and the United States has created political and economic instability in the Middle East, and its effects are now becoming visible in the form of climate change.
Attacks on oil installations, destruction of oil refineries, and large-scale burning of fuel have released carbon dioxide, toxic gases, and smoke into the atmosphere, significantly affecting global temperatures and air quality.
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According to experts, when industrial facilities, oil reserves, and energy infrastructure are damaged during conflict, it not only increases immediate air pollution but also creates long-term impacts on weather patterns, temperature levels, and overall climate balance.
In particular, disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz have affected global energy supply chains, forcing many countries to shift toward more expensive and more polluting fuel sources, which further increases carbon emissions. This situation can directly affect Pakistan because the country is already considered among the most climate-vulnerable nations. If tensions and war conditions between Iran and the United States continue, Pakistan may face more frequent heatwaves, irregular monsoon rains, increased floods and droughts, and worsening air pollution.
Therefore, Pakistan must not remain a passive observer but must adopt strong climate preparedness strategies. First, the water management system must be strengthened. Along with the construction of large dams, systems for rainwater harvesting and modern irrigation methods must be implemented to reduce water wastage. In the coming years, water may become the most critical issue for both survival and economic stability.
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The second important step is afforestation and expansion of forest cover. The shortage of trees in Pakistani cities is increasing heat and pollution. Large-scale plantation, development of urban green corridors, and integration of environmental planning into city development can significantly reduce temperatures. If native trees such as neem, peepal, banyan, sheesham, and jamun are planted extensively across cities, roads, and vacant lands in Pakistan, they will not only reduce temperature but also decrease air pollution and make urban environments more livable.
The third key sector is energy. Conflict-related instability between Iran and the United States can further increase global oil prices; therefore, Pakistan must immediately transition toward renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydropower to reduce dependence on expensive fossil fuels. The fourth aspect is urban planning. Major cities in Pakistan are rapidly turning into concrete jungles where heat is trapped, creating an urban heat island effect. Green buildings, improved public transport systems, and environmentally friendly infrastructure development are essential to address this issue.
The fifth step is agricultural modernization. Although Punjab is already using Super Seeders to reduce crop residue burning, this system must be expanded and made more effective. Farmers should be provided with climate-resilient seeds that can withstand heat and require less water, and agricultural research must be made accessible to farmers.
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At the same time, weather forecasting systems must be strengthened so that farmers can make timely decisions and protect their crops from damage.
Finally, disaster management preparedness is essential. Pakistan needs a strong system that can provide early warnings for floods, heatwaves, and air pollution, ensuring timely response and minimizing damage.
In conclusion, the Iran–United States war is not only a political or military conflict but has also become a serious environmental threat. If Pakistan does not take immediate and serious steps, the impacts of climate change may become more severe and uncontrollable by 2030. However, with timely planning and action, Pakistan can not only reduce these risks but also secure a sustainable and resilient future.
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Written by Sadia Maqsood.
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